New Zealand tea tree, Tea-tree, Manuka myrtle, Jellybush (AU)
Leptospermum scoparium, commonly called mānuka or New Zealand tea tree, is an evergreen shrub in the myrtle family valued for its profuse spring blossoms and aromatic foliage. Native primarily to New Zealand and parts of southeastern Australia, it forms dense, twiggy growth with small, prickly, citrus-scented leaves and papery, shredding bark. Single or double flowers—typically white, pink, or deep rose—cover the plant in late winter to late spring and attract bees that produce the famous mānuka honey. In gardens it reaches 1–3 m (3–10 ft), sometimes more in mild climates, and thrives in lean, acidic, sharply drained soils. It tolerates coastal exposure, wind, and poor soils but is sensitive to waterlogging and alkaline conditions. Light, post-bloom pruning helps maintain shape; avoid cutting into old, leafless wood. In containers, it benefits from a cool, bright winter rest to promote heavy flowering. Susceptibility includes root rots under excess moisture and myrtle rust in some regions; good airflow and careful watering are essential.
Keep evenly moist during establishment and flowering, then allow the top 2–3 cm (1 in) of soil to dry before rewatering. In containers, use rainwater if tap water is hard, and water thoroughly until runoff, then empty saucers. Reduce frequency in winter, especially in cool conditions, to avoid cold, wet roots. In the ground, once established, it tolerates short dry spells but will flower best with regular, moderate moisture and excellent drainage.
Full sun to light shade, with at least 6 hours of direct sun for best flowering and compact growth. In hotter regions or in containers against reflective surfaces, give afternoon shade to prevent stress and premature bud drop. Indoors or in a cool greenhouse, place in the brightest possible position with moving air; inadequate light results in lanky growth and sparse blooms.
Feed sparingly—mānuka prefers lean, acidic conditions and resents lime. In spring, apply a light dose of slow-release, low-phosphorus fertilizer formulated for acid-loving or native plants, or use diluted fish/seaweed emulsion. Avoid high-phosphorus and high-salinity products. In containers, incorporate a small amount of composted bark-based organic matter; do not top-dress with lime. Overfertilizing encourages lush, weak growth and reduces flowering.
Best in cool to mild conditions. Hardy to approximately -7 to -5°C (19–23°F) once established, depending on cultivar and site; protect roots from prolonged freezes. Ideal growing range is 5–24°C (41–75°F). Provide a cool, bright winter (5–12°C / 41–54°F) to encourage abundant spring bloom. In hot climates, shelter from extreme heat (>32°C / 90°F) and drying winds, and ensure excellent airflow.
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