Bougainvillea
Also known as
Paperflower, Smooth bougainvillea, Lesser bougainvillea
Keep this plant’s care guide close at hand.
Get the appAbout Bougainvillea
Bougainvillea glabra is a vigorous, thorny, evergreen to semi-deciduous climber native to Brazil, prized for its papery, brilliantly colored bracts that surround small, tubular, cream-white flowers. The species name “glabra” refers to its smooth, hairless leaves and bracts, distinguishing it from the fuzzier Bougainvillea spectabilis. It scrambles with hooked thorns rather than twining, making it ideal for training on trellises, pergolas, walls, and as a standard or bonsai. Bract colors range from magenta and purple to red, orange, and white, with peak displays in warm, bright seasons and lighter flushes thereafter. Bougainvillea thrives in lean, sharply draining soil and flowers best under high light and mild stress; excess water or nitrogen encourages foliage at the expense of bloom. Once established, it is drought-tolerant and moderately tolerant of coastal conditions. In cooler climates, it can be grown in containers and overwintered frost-free. Handle with care: spines are sharp and latex-like sap may irritate sensitive skin.
Taxonomy
Properties & Requirements
How to care for Bougainvillea
Water
Water deeply, then allow the top 2–3 inches (5–7 cm) of soil to dry before watering again. In pots, ensure excellent drainage and empty saucers; overwatering causes yellowing leaves and poor bloom. During hot, active growth, water when the pot feels light; in winter, reduce frequency markedly. In-ground plants prefer infrequent, deep soakings rather than frequent light drinks. Drought-tolerant once established, but newly planted specimens need consistent moisture until rooted.
Light
Full sun is essential: aim for 6–8+ hours of direct light daily for reliable flowering. Outdoors, choose an unobstructed south or west exposure; indoors, use the brightest south-facing window or supplemental grow lights (12–14 hours). Gradually acclimate plants when moving from shade to sun to prevent leaf scorch. Light levels below roughly 4–5 hours of direct sun will produce lush foliage with few bracts, especially if combined with high nitrogen or frequent watering.
Nutrients
Feed during active growth (spring through early autumn) every 4–6 weeks with a low-nitrogen, bloom-forward formula such as 5-10-10 or 10-10-10 plus micronutrients. In containers, alternate a half-strength liquid feed every 2–3 weeks with a slow-release product. Avoid high nitrogen, which suppresses flowering. Maintain slightly acidic conditions (pH ~6) and flush pots occasionally to prevent salt buildup. Pause feeding in winter or when growth slows, resuming once days lengthen and new shoots appear.
Temperature
Bougainvillea glabra thrives between 65–95°F (18–35°C) and dislikes frost. Brief dips to around 30°F (-1°C) can burn foliage and tips; sustained freezing can kill roots. In USDA Zones 9b–12 it can grow outdoors year-round; elsewhere, grow in containers and move indoors or to a frost-free greenhouse when nights approach 45°F (7°C). It tolerates heat well if soil is free-draining and watering is appropriate. Provide good air movement and protect from cold winds.
