Norfolk Island pine
Also known as
Star pine, Norfolk pine, Living Christmas tree, Araucaria
Keep this plant’s care guide close at hand.
Get the appAbout Norfolk Island pine
Araucaria heterophylla, commonly called the Norfolk Island pine, is an evergreen conifer native to Norfolk Island in the South Pacific. Despite its common name, it is not a true pine but a member of the ancient Araucariaceae family. In nature it can exceed 50 meters, forming a straight trunk with elegant, tiered whorls of soft, awl-like leaves that create a distinctive symmetrical silhouette. Indoors it is grown as a long-lived container specimen or seasonal “living Christmas tree.” It appreciates bright light, cool-to-moderate temperatures, and consistently moist yet well-drained, slightly acidic media. Sensitive to dry indoor air and low light, it may shed lower branches if stressed. Mature trees outdoors produce large cones, but flowering and seed set are rare in containers. Its salt and wind tolerance suit maritime habitats, but it is frost-tender. With stable light, moderate humidity, and careful watering, it remains an architectural focal point for many years.
Taxonomy
Properties & Requirements
How to care for Norfolk Island pine
Water
Keep the root zone evenly moist but never soggy. Water thoroughly when the top 2–3 cm (about 1 inch) of the mix feels dry, then drain away excess—do not let the pot sit in a saucer of water. Use rainwater, distilled, or low-mineral tap water if your water is hard to minimize tip burn and salt stress. Reduce frequency in winter, but do not allow complete dryness, which can cause browning and branch drop.
Light
Provide very bright, indirect light to several hours of gentle direct sun. An east or bright west window is ideal; acclimate gradually to stronger sun to prevent scorch. Indoors, low light causes stretched, sparse whorls and lower-branch dieback. Outdoors in mild climates, full sun to light shade fosters dense growth. Rotate regularly for even symmetry and keep the top close to the light source.
Nutrients
Feed during spring through early autumn with a balanced, dilute fertilizer (e.g., 3-1-2 or 10-10-10) at half strength every 4–6 weeks, or use a slow-release conifer/acid-loving formula per label. Avoid heavy feeding in winter when growth slows. Maintain slightly acidic conditions; if new growth yellows, supply micronutrients (chelated iron, magnesium). Flush the pot occasionally to prevent salt buildup, and never fertilize drought-stressed or bone-dry roots.
Temperature
Indoors, aim for 16–24°C (60–75°F) with cooler nights. Provide a winter rest around 10–16°C (50–60°F) if possible for denser growth. Brief dips to 5°C (41°F) can be tolerated, but frost will damage foliage. Outdoors it suits frost-free, maritime climates (roughly USDA 9b–11). Avoid hot, dry drafts and placement near heating vents; increase humidity and airflow during heat waves above 26°C (79°F).
