Ground elder
Also known as
Goutweed, Bishop’s weed, Herb Gerard, Snow-on-the-mountain (variegated form)
Keep this plant’s care guide close at hand.
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Aegopodium podagraria, commonly called ground elder or goutweed, is a vigorous, rhizomatous perennial in the carrot family (Apiaceae) valued as a fast groundcover for shady sites and notorious for its invasive spread. Growing 20–60 cm tall, it forms dense colonies from extensive underground rhizomes. Leaves are compound and typically ternate (three groups of three leaflets), soft green in the species; the popular cultivar ‘Variegatum’ bears green leaves edged in creamy white. In late spring to early summer, it produces flat-topped umbels of small white flowers that attract pollinators. Adaptable to a wide range of soils, it thrives in moist, well-drained conditions and partial to full shade. Historically used as a pot herb and medicinal for gout, young shoots are edible but must never be confused with toxic lookalikes. Because it spreads aggressively by both rhizomes and seed, careful containment is essential in gardens, and it is listed as invasive in many regions. It is cold-hardy, resilient, and low-maintenance where its spread is controlled.
Taxonomy
Properties & Requirements
How to care for Ground elder
Water
Keep soil evenly moist, especially during establishment and in spring when growth is most active. Aim for roughly 2.5 cm of water per week from rain or irrigation, adjusting for weather and soil type. Mulch 3–5 cm deep to conserve moisture and reduce weeding. Once established it tolerates short dry spells but may go summer-dormant in heat and drought. Avoid waterlogged conditions, which can cause root issues. In containers, water when the top 2–3 cm of mix is dry, and ensure excellent drainage.
Light
Thrives in partial to full shade (dappled light to 2–6 hours of sun). In cool, moist climates it tolerates more sun; in hot regions, protect from harsh afternoon sun to prevent scorch, especially on ‘Variegatum’. Bright shade maintains compact, colorful foliage; deep shade yields lush leaves but fewer flowers and can encourage legginess. More sun and moisture can increase vigor and spread, so adjust exposure and irrigation to balance appearance with containment.
Nutrients
Ground elder is not a heavy feeder. In garden beds, a 2–3 cm topdressing of compost in spring is usually sufficient. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers that can fuel even faster spread. In poor soils, apply a balanced, slow‑release fertilizer (around 5‑5‑5) at half the label rate in early spring. Container-grown plants benefit from a light, monthly feed during active growth. Do not fertilize areas where you are attempting to suppress or eradicate the plant.
Temperature
Extremely cold-hardy (USDA Zones 3–9), ground elder tolerates winter lows near −34°C (−30°F). It grows best in cool to mild conditions and may slow or go temporarily dormant in hot, dry summers. Provide shade and consistent moisture during heat waves above 30–32°C (86–90°F). Frost does not harm established clumps; new growth resumes in spring. For containers, protect roots from extreme freeze–thaw cycles and from excessive heat on sun-baked patios.
