Orange hawkweed
Also known as
Devil’s paintbrush, Fox-and-cubs, Flame hawkweed
Keep this plant’s care guide close at hand.
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Pilosella aurantiaca (syn. Hieracium aurantiacum), commonly called orange hawkweed, is a stoloniferous perennial in the daisy family prized for its vivid orange to brick-red flower heads. It forms low, hairy basal rosettes of lanceolate leaves that exude a milky latex when cut. Leafy scapes rise 15–60 cm, bearing clusters of composite blooms in late spring to midsummer that attract bees and butterflies. Adapted to open, well-drained, low-fertility sites, it excels in sunny meadows, embankments, and disturbed ground. The plant spreads aggressively via above-ground stolons and abundant wind-dispersed seeds, allowing rapid colonization where conditions suit. While ornamental in controlled plantings, it is invasive in many regions and can outcompete native flora, especially on nutrient-poor soils. In cultivation, it is drought tolerant once established and requires minimal care, but benefits from containment strategies such as pots or edging. Its intense color and long flowering make it a striking feature, provided spread is actively managed through deadheading and removal of runners.
Taxonomy
Properties & Requirements
How to care for Orange hawkweed
Water
Water regularly during establishment, then reduce. In-ground plants typically rely on rainfall; supplement only during extended dry spells. Allow the top 2–3 cm of soil to dry between waterings and soak deeply rather than sprinkling. In containers, water when the top inch is dry and ensure excellent drainage to prevent soggy roots. Overwatering reduces flowering and can promote fungal issues. Drought tolerant once established, but occasional deep watering in midsummer maintains vigor and prolongs the bloom period.
Light
Best flowering occurs in full sun (6+ hours daily). It tolerates light or dappled shade, particularly in hotter climates, but shade reduces bloom number and encourages leggier growth. In regions with intense summer heat, aim for morning sun with light afternoon shade to preserve flower color and prevent stress. Avoid deep shade, where plants weaken and spread less predictably. Open exposures with good air movement help foliage stay dry and reduce disease pressure.
Nutrients
Orange hawkweed thrives on lean, well-drained soils and typically needs little to no fertilizer. Overfeeding, especially with high nitrogen, encourages rampant vegetative spread and can exacerbate invasiveness. For container specimens, use a low-strength, balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) at one-quarter rate once in early spring, or a very light top-dressing of compost. Avoid fertilizing in-ground plantings in fertile soils. Maintain a slightly acidic to neutral pH and prioritize soil drainage over nutrient enrichment to promote compact growth and flowering.
Temperature
A hardy perennial, orange hawkweed tolerates severe cold once established (roughly USDA Zones 3–8). Ideal growing temperatures are cool to mild, around 10–24°C. It withstands frosts and overwinters outdoors in most temperate climates, dying back and resprouting in spring. Prolonged heat above ~32°C, especially with high humidity, can reduce flowering and vigor; provide afternoon shade and consistent, deep but infrequent watering during heat waves. In containers, protect crowns from repeated freeze–thaw cycles.
