Southern magnolia
Also known as
Bull bay, Evergreen magnolia, Large-flowered magnolia
Keep this plant’s care guide close at hand.
Get the appAbout Southern magnolia
Magnolia grandiflora is a stately, evergreen tree native to the southeastern United States, renowned for its lustrous, leathery leaves—deep green above with a russet, velvety underside—and its spectacular, creamy-white, lemon-scented blossoms that can span 8–12 inches (20–30 cm) across. Typically forming a dense, pyramidal crown, it reaches 60–80 feet (18–24 m) tall and 30–40 feet (9–12 m) wide in ideal conditions, though smaller in containers or cooler climates. Flowers appear from late spring through summer and are followed by cone-like fruiting structures bearing bright red seeds that attract birds and small mammals. The species grows slowly to moderately, develops a wide, shallow root system, and prefers acidic, organic, well-drained yet evenly moist soils. It is pollinated primarily by beetles, tolerates heat and humidity, and shows moderate resistance to salt spray. Long valued as a focal landscape tree, it provides year-round structure, wildlife resources, and iconic southern fragrance.
Taxonomy
Properties & Requirements
How to care for Southern magnolia
Water
Keep soil evenly moist, especially during the establishment period (first 2–3 years). Provide a deep soak weekly during dry weather, aiming for about 1 inch (25 mm) of water equivalent. Avoid frequent, shallow watering that encourages surface roots. Ensure good drainage—magnolias dislike waterlogged conditions. In containers, water when the top 1–2 inches (2.5–5 cm) are dry, then water thoroughly until excess drains; never leave pots sitting in saucers of water. Maintain mulch to reduce evaporation.
Light
Thrives in full sun to partial shade. For best flowering and dense form, provide at least 6 hours of direct sun. In hot-summer climates (upper Zone 9), morning sun with light afternoon shade reduces leaf scorch and water stress. Tolerates bright, high canopies but will become more open and flower less in deep shade. Avoid highly reflective, heat-intense sites for container-grown plants to prevent root overheating.
Nutrients
Feed in early spring with a slow-release, acid-forming fertilizer formulated for camellias/azaleas (e.g., 8-8-8 or 10-10-10) and supplement with chelated iron if leaves show chlorosis on alkaline soils. Young trees benefit from light, even applications 1–2 times per growing season; avoid over-fertilizing, which can scorch roots. Maintain a 2–4 inch organic mulch to conserve moisture and provide gentle nutrient release. Do not fertilize late in summer in cold regions.
Temperature
Best suited to USDA Zones 7–9 (some cultivars to Zone 6). Ideal growing temperatures range from 60–85°F (16–29°C). Mature trees can tolerate short dips to about 10–15°F (−12 to −9°C), though young foliage and buds may be damaged by hard freezes. Provide wind protection in colder zones and avoid planting in frost pockets. Heat tolerant with adequate moisture; in very hot regions, protect roots with mulch and consider light afternoon shade for young trees.
